Profiles in Courage: Toronto Police on D-Day

By Constable Matthew Scarlino

Constable Matthew Scarlino

Field Intelligence Officer

Published: 8:00 AM June 5, 2019

51 Division

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Three men in Navy uniform
Constables Fred Davies (#284), Len O’Hara (#55) and Ken Peglar (#108) in their Royal Canadian Navy uniforms, as they appeared in a 1942 edition of the Toronto Daily Star Photo: Handout

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Three ships in the water
A rare colour photo of special Tank Landing Craft moving toward Juno Beach on D-Day. Patrol Sergeant H.L. Smuck came ashore aboard these ships (Library and Archives Canada) Photo: Handout

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
A group of people with a police officer
A Toronto Police constable stands with citizens during an impromptu D-Day prayer service at Old City Hall (City of Toronto Archives, Fonds 1266 Item 90982) Photo: Handout

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
A close up of two men
Patrol Sergeant Harry Lee Smuck, in military uniform (Canadian Virtual War Memorial), and Constable (#302) Clarence Verdun Courtney in winter dress (1938 Toronto Police Recruit Class Photo– Author’s Collection). Photo: Handout

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
A group of tanks in a field near a cow
Canadian tanks fighting in a Normandy field June 1944 (Library and Archives Canada MIKAN No. 3524524) Photo: Handout

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
A plane over fields, a close up of a man and a medal
A Halifax bomber on raid. (Library and Archive Canada MIKAN No. 4002568) Top Right: Toronto Daily Star newspaper photo of Constable Norman Crook (Toronto Public Library – Historical Newspaper Database). Bottom right: The Distinguished Flying Cross Photo: Handout

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Three men standing in a courtroom
SS General Kurt Meyer on trial in a Canadian war crimes court. (Library and Archives Canada MIKAN No. 3191556) Photo: Handout

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.

Sources:

  • (1) D. Draper –Annual Report of the Chief Constable of the City of Toronto for the Year 1939, Toronto: The Carswell Co Ltd City Printers, 1940.
  • (2) Toronto Daily Star 1940-09-14, p.15 “Policemen Join Up and Stick to Blue”
  • (30) Naval Service of Canada p.90-91; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-10, p.9 “Many Toronto Men Helped Skeena Beat Off Wolk Pack”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.7 “PC Fred Davies, et al”; Toronto Daily Star 1942-01-03, p.3 “Says 20 U-Boats in Pack of Which Skeena Sinks 3”
  • (4) Cobourghistory.ca/stories/hmcs-skeena;Naval Service of Canada p.71-72
  • (5) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney.
  • (6) True Loyals – A history of 7th Battalion, The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) / 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery 1940-1946. Regimental History Chapter 8: Disaster on the Sambut(Trueloyals.com/new-page-18)
  • (7) Library and Archives Canada - Personnel File of B80413 Clarence Verdun Courtney. Statement of Pte. J.S. Poulton, No 84 Coy, RCASC
  • (8) 1926 Nominal and Descriptive Roll of the Toronto Police Department
  • (9) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. D-Day: The 1st Hussars and 7 Infantry Brigade. p.232-236.
  • (10) T. Copp –A Well Entrenched Enemy: Army Part 92 (Legion Magazine). Kanata: Canvet Publications Ltd, 2011.
  • (11) Library and Archives Canada.War Diary of the 6th Canadian Armoured Regiment (1H), June 1944.
  • (12) J. Marteinson & M.R. McNorgan.The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps – An Illustrated History. The Hussars at Le Mesnil-Patry. p.245-248.
  • (13) Veterans Affairs Canada – Normandy 1944 (veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second-world-war/normandy-1944)
  • (14) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (15) Toronto Daily Star 1944-11-28, p.13 “4 for a Fight, 3 for a Trip, Need 120 Points for Leave”
  • (16) Collections Canada - Operations Record Book of No 433 Squadron RCAF – June 1944 Summary of Events, p.6
  • (17) H. Margolian –Conduct Unbecoming: The Story of the Murder of Canadian Prisoners of War in Normandy. Pages 111-115, 235-237. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.

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